The 13th World Conference on Tobacco OR Health

Objective: This paper describes arguments used by cigarette companies to defend themselves against charges that their cigarettes were defective and that they could and should have done more to make cigarettes less hazardous.

Methods: The data for this paper come from the opening statements made by defendants in four recent court cases: two class action lawsuits (Engle, 1999 and Blankenship, 2001) and two individual cases (Boeken, 2001 and Schwarz, 2002). The transcripts of opening statements were reviewed and statements about product defect claims, product testing, and safe cigarette research were excerpted and coded.

Results: Responses by cigarette companies to charges that their products were defective has been presented consistently across different cases and by different companies. Essentially the arguments made by cigarette companies boil down to three claims: 1) smoking is risky, but nothing the companies have done has made cigarettes more dangerous than might otherwise be the case; 2) nothing the companies have done or said has kept someone from stopping smoking; and 3) the companies have spent lots of money to make the safest cigarette acceptable to the smoker.

Conclusions: Cigarette companies have argued that their products are inherently dangerous but not defective and that they have worked hard to make their products safer by lowering the tar and nicotine content of cigarettes as recommended by members of the public health community. The truth is cigarette design changes have actually made smoking more dangerous by make the product more acceptable to smokers therefore discouraging smoking cessation.